Ah, the humble loaf of bread. A necessary staple of diets the world around, it is the oldest baked good known to man and has played an important role in everything from religion to politics. There are as many varieties as there are nations. Bread is truly one of the most important culinary inventions in history. In most cultures, breadmaking is an art form. Sadly, the fast-paced lifestyle we Americans are ruled by has reduced our idea of bread to chemical-filled loaves in twisted plastic bags. This great culinary device deserves better. After being gifted a very nice KitchenAid mixer for Christmas, I decided that I'd ditch the store-bought stuff forever and make my own sandwich loaf.
Have you ever looked at the ingredient list on a typical store-bought loaf of white sandwich bread? If you did, you'd probably be surprised to find that at least half of the ingredients are unpronounceable to the average person. This is because most store loaves are pumped full of shelf-life extending chemicals and dough conditioners designed to produce the fastest rising and longest lasting bread possible. Consider
this nutrition label from an average loaf of white bread. Appetizing, isn't it? I don't know about you readers, but I'm not so high on consuming calcium propionate and ascorbic acid every time I want a PB&J. Therefore, my first requirement for any potential bread recipe was that it contain ingredients that don't have to be created in a lab. I also wanted some amount of whole wheat for texture and nutritional value, and I didn't want it to contain a lot of sugars. After much searching and experimenting I found a great recipe that fit all my requirements at
this blog.
Breadmaking can be intimidating, and there are certainly plenty of ways to make it complicated. At its core, however, breadmaking can be broken down into six steps:
- The initial mix
- The knead
- The rise
- The punch
- The proof
- The bake
Easy, right? Ok, so mastery of those steps isn't quickly attained, but hey...people have spent years refining and tweaking that basic procedure. Even so, one does not need a lifetime of experience to produce quality, tasty bread. Proper technique and patience will produce a moist, tasty product that puts the store brands to shame. These instructions will assume one is the owner of a stand mixer. I have included clickable hyperlinks to help, so keep an eye out for them.
The Initial Mix
Start out by measuring all dry ingredients (by weight) into the bowl of your mixer. Using the paddle attachment, mix on a low speed while slowly adding in the wet ingredients, saving the water for last. Quick side note - yeast is a living microorganism, and as such does not like common tap water due to the chlorine and other chemicals found in it. Go with filtered or bottled water. Pour in the water in increments, stopping to check if any flour is left on the bottom of the bowl. When no more flour is left, the dough is sufficiently mixed. Don't add any more water. Turn off the mixer and let the dough rest for 10 minutes or so. This will give gluten, the protein structure responsible for bread's chewy texture, a chance to form and strengthen. After a 10 minute rest period, switch to your mixer's dough hook....it's kneading time.
The Knead
Now you don't actually knead (haw haw) a stand mixer to make bread, but unless you have forearms like
these a mixer is going to make this process a whole lot easier. Kneading times will vary between mixers, but plan on at least 6 minutes. You're going to be looking for a smooth dough that passes the
windowpane test when stretched. This is very important - the dough needs to be pliable or your bread will suffer greatly. I usually start checking around the 8 minute mark, and knead in 1 minute increments until the dough is nice and stretchy. Once kneading is complete, turn the dough out into an oiled metal bowl, toss it around a few times to coat, and cover with plastic wrap or a kitchen towel.
The Rise
Patience is the only tool necessary for this step. Place your metal bowl in a shaded area of the kitchen and walk away. The dough will need to double in size, and this usually takes at least an hour. Alternatively, you can place the bowl in your fridge and let it rise overnight. I've done it both ways with no discernable change in quality. Keep in mind that if you choose the chilly route, you'll need to let the dough come back to room temperature before punching it down. Once your dough has risen to the occasion, turn it out onto an oiled (NOT floured, mind you) surface. Time to punch.
The Punch
Aggressive-sounding name aside, punching down your dough should not be a rough process. Gently press the air pockets out of the dough with your fingertips, working from the inside out. I like to fold my dough over itself a few times as well. The idea is to redistribute the gases inside the dough, so don't overdo it. Once the dough is sufficiently deflated, roll up your dough, place it into a prepared loaf pan, and cover with plastic wrap.
The Proof
Time to use that patience thing again. You'll want the dough to rise enough to crest above the top of the loaf pan. This will probably take another hour or so. Once the dough starts peeking over the top of the pan, take a serrated blade and make a slit or two on top - this promotes even rising and makes the bread pretty. It's time to move things to the oven.
The Bake
It's a good idea to preheat your oven 30 or 40 minutes early to ensure proper baking. I like to put a casserole dish of boiling water on the rack below the loaf as well - the steam produced seems to promote a moist crumb(interior). My bread usually bakes for 40-45 minutes, but I use a probe thermometer to tell me when the internal temperature hits 190 degrees. This seems to be the perfect doneness - it allows for a crisp crust and a moist crumb. You can use the "thump test" as well, but don't expect it to be nearly as accurate. Once your bread is done, turn it out onto a cooling rack and allow it to cool for at least 2 hours. Your patience will be rewarded.
So now you're the owner of a delicious loaf of homemade bread. Tasty as it is, homemade bread does have a drawback or two. For starters, it's not going to stay fresh nearly as long as the store bought stuff does. I generally get 3-4 days of counter storage out of my bread before its quality falls off. Of course, this makes it perfect for french toast, but not so great for sandwiches. You can extend your bread's shelf life by wrapping it in plastic wrap, placing in a Ziploc bag, and storing it in the fridge. Don't expect it to stay fresh for more than a week, though.
I hope there are a few cooks out there who will benefit from this post. It was a long one, and it contains all the knowledge I've picked up from about 10 different attempts. I've just about figured out the basics, so now I'm ready and eager to tackle some of my favorite varieties (ciabatta, baby!). Breadmaking isn't convenient, isnt' easy, and it doesn't provide instant gratification. It is, at least to me, worth every second.